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In many respects, the concept of the “nation” played an extremely important role in nineteenth-century Europe and the Americas. Emerging from the American and French revolutions as well as the intellectual romanticism of the late eighteenth century, nationalist movements encouraged an individual’s loyalty to the nation rather than to the political state. What was the nation? In the late eighteenth century, the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder characterized the nation as an entity having its own cultural spirit, or Volksgeist. Simply put, it was a community of people who shared one or more of the following elements: language, history, culture, religion, and politics. In most cases, nineteenth-century nationalist movements were also closely connected to middle-class liberalism.
Contents
- The Nation
- New States and Old Problems
- Nationalism and Bourgeois Culture
- Declaration of Independence Year: 1776
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Year: 1789
- Constitution of Haiti Date: 1801
- Louisiana Purchase Treaty Date: 1803
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte: Addresses to the German Nation Date: 1808
- Napoleonic Code Date: 1804
- Simón Bolívar: Cartagena Manifesto Date: 1812
- Holy Alliance Year: 1815
- Giuseppe Mazzini: General Instructions for the Members of Young Italy Date: 1831
- Constitution Act of Canada Year: 1867
- Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia: Proclamation of 1849 Date: 1849
- Victor Emmanuel: Address to Parliament Date: 1871
- Ottoman Constitution Date: 1876
- Helmuth von Moltke: Memorandum of the Councils of War Said to Have Been Held during the Wars Date: 1881
- Ernest Renan: “What Is a Nation?” Date: 1882
- William Gladstone: Irish Home Rule Speech Date: 1886
- Theodor Herzl: “A Solution to the Jewish Question” Date: 1896
- Francisco García Calderón: Latin America: Its Rise and Progress Date: 1913
- Proclamation of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic Date: 1916
- Woodrow Wilson: Fourteen Points Date: 1918
- Korean Declaration of Independence Date: 1919
- Treaty of Versailles Date: 1919
- Government of India Act Draft: 1919
- Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel Date: 1948
- Proclamation of the Algerian National Liberation Front Date: 1954