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The rise of the Mongol Khanate in central Asia at the end of the twelfth century had an impact on societies throughout Europe and Asia. The Mongol leader Temujin (1162?–1227), better known as Genghis Khan, meaning “Universal Ruler,” knitted together a disparate band of central Asian tribesmen into a formidable fighting force and led them against Song China. Under Genghis Khan’s equally famous grandson, Kublai Khan (1215–1294), China came under the direct rule of the Mongols, who established the Yuan Dynasty.