The formal end of the American Revolutionary War resulted in, among other things, the British cession of the Northwest Territory to the United States. The Native American tribes who had remained allied with the British, the Western Confederacy, were not represented in the Treaty of Paris. The U.S. Congress formally organized the region and began selling land to willing settlers. Violence ensued between settlers and members of the Western Confederacy. President George Washington launched two campaigns against the Western Confederacy between 1790 and 1791, both of which resulted in American defeat. Congress then appointed two commissioners to negotiate peace with the Confederacy. Should the commissioners fail, President Washington commissioned another military force to enforce American sovereignty of the region.