Milliken v. Bradley was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court that took up the issue of desegregation in light of the decision in the desegregation case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Brown had declared unconstitutional state laws establishing separate public schools for Black and white students. The school districts of metropolitan Detroit proposed to bus public school students across district lines as a remedy to segregation. In a 5–4 decision, written by Warren Burger, the Court denied the validity of the plan, ruling that the decision in Brown did not require dismantling a “dual school system” to create racial balance. William O. Douglas, Byron White, and Thurgood Marshall issued separate dissents and were joined in opposition to the majority opinion by William J. Brennan.