Immanuel Kant: “What Is Enlightenment?”
The Essential Primary Sources
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Immanuel Kant: “What Is Enlightenment?”
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Abstract
Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-imposed immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s understanding without guidance from another. This immaturity is self-imposed when its cause lies not in lack of understanding, but in lack of resolve and courage to use it without guidance from another. Sapere Aude! “Have courage to use your own understanding!”—that is the motto of enlightenment.
Contents
- The Enlightenment
- Kant and the Redemption of Enlightenment
- Rousseau and Radicalization
- From Locke to Jefferson
- English Bill of Rights
- John Locke: Second Treatise on Civil Government
- John Locke: An Essay on Human Understanding
- Charles de Montesquieu: The Spirit of Laws
- Voltaire: Candide
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract
- Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary
- Catherine II of Russia: The Grand Instructions to the Commissioners
- Denis Diderot: Supplement to the Voyage of Bougainville
- American Declaration of Independence
- Immanuel Kant: “What Is Enlightenment?”
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
- Jeremy Bentham: An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
- Marquis de Condorcet: Outlines of an Historical View of the Progress of the Human Mind
- Thomas Malthus: An Essay on the Principle of Population
- David Ricardo: On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation