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In this Charter of Homage and Fealty (1110), Bernard Atton, Viscount of Carcassonne, pledges himself to the service of Leo, the abbot of Lagrasse. While historians debate the degree to which feudalism was a formalized system, this twelfth- century French document gives insight into relations between the nobility and the church. It describes an instance of a vassal (Bernard Atton) giving homage to his lord (Abbot Leo) and specifies the terms of their agreement.