The Russkaia Pravda, or Justice of the Rus, was the secular law code of Kievan Rus, the medieval ancestor state to both modern-day Russia and Ukraine. The law code was written over an extended period and by several authors. The core document is attributed to Yaroslav, “the Wise,” grand prince of Kiev from 1019 to 1054. Debate exists as to whether the code was first compiled during this reign or slightly earlier, when Yaroslav was ruler of the Rus city-state Novgorod— that is, when he was a provincial ruler rather than the grand prince. Additions and revisions followed, the most important of which are a supplement issued in 1072 by Yaroslav’s sons and further clauses from the twelfth century attributed to Vladimir II Monomakh, grand prince of Kiev from 1113 to 1125. The Justice of the Rus remained in force through the fragmentation of the Rus lands in the eleventh and twelfth centuries and also into the subsequent period of Mongol domination over Rus lands (1237–1480). Although it was earlier supplemented or substituted in some principalities with more detailed codes, it was not replaced on a national scale until the issuance in 1497 of a new code called the Sudebnik. By then the Russian state itself had been reconstituted and expanded under the control of Moscow. Significant aspects of the Justice of the Rus passed into the new law, however.