The Arusha Declaration of 1967 was written principally by Julius Nyerere, the first president of Tanzania, and approved by an executive committee of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), the new nation’s governing party. The declaration was published just over five years after Tanganyika gained independence from Great Britain, who had governed the territory since 1920 under mandates from the League of Nations and then the United Nations. Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form Tanzania in 1964. The Arusha Declaration represents the philosophy developed by Nyerere and the Tanganyika African National Union as they worked to bring economic and social development to their impoverished country and navigate the complex global economic and political arena. The declaration outlines policies that together constituted “Ujamaa,” Tanzania’s unique version of African Socialism, and explains in accessible regional idioms how the citizenry and state policies should work to address the challenges of development and modernization.