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A civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and the Republic of China, led by the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party, began in August 1937. The Nationalists maintained an advantage, but after the empire of Japan invaded mainland China in 1937, the two sides mostly agreed to a truce to fight the invasion. As Japanese defeat became imminent in 1945, hostilities between the two Chinese forces renewed, with the Communists slowly gaining the upper hand.