Unit 4:: Empires in Flux (1620–1681)
A Milestone Documents E-text
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https://doi.org/10.3735/9781961844520.book.part.016

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Abstract

In the seventeenth century, North America, which up until that point had been contested mainly between the Spanish Empire and various native peoples, saw the arrival of a host of new imperial contenders, including France, England, the Dutch Republic, and Sweden. Although the Dutch and Swedish North American empires proved to be short-lived, France and England would duel for supremacy well into the eighteenth century; in doing so, along with Spain, they would permanently alter the face of the continent.

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