Challenges from Within
A Milestone Documents E-text
Table of Contents

  You don't have access to this content. Please try to log in with your institution. Sign In

Abstract

In the late nineteenth century, Westerners enjoyed a higher material standard of living than any people at any time anywhere in the history of the world. Between 1870 and 1914, Europe and the United States experienced what many historians term a second industrial revolution, based in automobiles, steel, electricity, oil, alloys, chemicals, and communication. Electricity and the railroad meant that new cities developed in places left untouched by the first industrial revolution, and thus more people were exposed to wage labor, urban living, the development of modern utilities, and enough education to run factory machines.

Contents