By 2020, U.S. and coalition troops had been in Afghanistan for more than eighteen years fighting the Taliban, the group that had allowed the al-Qa’ida terrorist groups to use Afghanistan as a base for their operations, including the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. The administration of U.S. president Donald Trump launched negotiations with the Taliban, which was the main insurgency group fighting against the United States and its allies in the country. The talks, held in Doha, Qatar, resulted in an agreement whereby the U.S.-led coalition agreed to withdraw its forces from Afghanistan in exchange for a series of actions on the part of the Taliban.