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Adam Clayton Powell Jr. served in Congress during a period that saw great political advances in Black self-determination around the world—from the Black freedom movement in the United States, which succeeded in dismantling Jim Crow laws (the legal segregation and disfranchisement of African Americans in the southern states), to the anticolonial movements in Africa, which led to the independence of more than a dozen nations. Black America was putting itself forward nationally and internationally as linked to Africa and the African diaspora as a voice and force for democracy.