Nguzo Saba is Swahili for “seven principles” and refers to the guiding principles of Kwanzaa, a celebration of African American culture that is held every year from December 26 to January 1. It was first celebrated in 1966 and was created by Maulana Karenga. Karenga, a professor of African studies, was also active in the Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s. The Black Power Movement represented the demand for immediate action to end discriminatory practices aimed towards Blacks, and it also illustrated the frustration within the Black community about the slow pace of change during the civil rights era of the 1950s and 1960s. Karenga also identified with Pan-Africanism, which was a worldwide movement centered around the idea of promoting solidarity among ethnic groups of African descent. The basic values Karenga reinforced in his Nguzo Saba were family, culture, and community, as Karenga felt that these three ingredients were the foundation for a strong, unified culture. Karenga believed the seven principles (unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity, and faith) were powerful tools if people utilized and applied each one in their daily lives. There are seven days devoted to Kwanzaa in recognition of the seven principles outlined by Karenga.