The Jim Crow South was built on the foundation that African American students were inferior to white students. Intrinsic to that foundation were scientific and pseudoscientific ideas, including Social Darwinism, phrenology, and the eugenics movement that developed shortly after World War I. The son of a teacher and college trustee, Horace Mann Bond also was professor and college administrator. While attending school at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, Bond began writing articles for The Crisis. In his first article, Bond attacked Carl Brigham’s analysis of army intelligence tests. Brigham was a professor of psychology at Princeton University who argued in his work A Study of American Intelligence that “Nordic Races,” white people from western and northern Europe, were the most intelligent people, while Black people were the least. Bond critiqued the logic behind Brigham’s conclusions that the lower test scores of African American students indicated an inherent intellectual inferiority.