Soranus of Ephesus was a Greek physician who lived during the reigns of the Roman emperors Trajan and Hadrian (98–138 CE). Little is known about his life, and what is known comes primarily from the writings of his students and notable patients, including the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius. He practiced in Alexandria and Rome, the wealthiest and most important urban centers in the Roman world, and was an eminent representative of the so-called methodical school of medicine, a medical paradigm that prioritized simple rules of diagnostics and asserted that all diseases were the result of an adverse condition with an individual’s “internal pores.”