Queen Elizabeth I: Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
A Student’s Guide to Essential Primary Sources
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Queen Elizabeth I:Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
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Abstract
In 1587, Queen Elizabeth I of England was faced with a predicament. She had been confronted with irrefutable evidence that her cousin, Mary, Queen of Scots, had been plotting her assassination, and Mary had been found guilty and sentenced to death by a special thirty-six-commissioner court. After much hesitation, Elizabeth signed the order of execution, though fearful that King Philip II of Spain could use it as a pretext for war \against England. This indeed occurred. Spain was at this time the leading military power in Europe, and by May of 1588, Philip had assembled a massive invasion force of 122 warships, which was dubbed the Armada Invincible (or Spanish Armada).
Contents
- Chapter 1: Women and Gender in the Ancient World
- Enheduanna: Hymns to Inana
- Code of Assura
- Sappho: Poems and Fragments
- Herodotus: The History of the Persian Wars
- Ban Zhao: Lessons for a Woman
- Plutarch: Moralia: “On the Bravery of Women
- Soranus: Gynaecology
- Juvenal: The Satires
- Vibia Perpetua: The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity
- St. Jerome: Letter CVII to Laeta
- Chapter 2: Women in the Early Modern Era
- Julian of Norwich: Revelations of Divine Love
- Geoffrey Chaucer: “The Wife of Bath
- Christine de Pisan: The Treasure of the City of Ladies
- Joan of Arc: Letter to King Henry VI of England
- Margery Kempe: The Book of Margery Kempe
- Henrich Kramer: Malleus Maleficarum
- Veronica Franco: A Warning to a Mother Considering Turning Her Daughter into a Courtesan
- Queen Elizabeth I: Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
- Ursula de Jesus: “Visions of the World to Come
- Juana Inés de la Cruz: “The Poet’s Answer to Sor Filotea de la Cruz
- Mary Astell: A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Advancement of Their True and Greatest Interest
- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Smallpox Vaccination in Turkey
- Lady Hong: “Diary of Lady Hong, Queen of Korea
- William Blackstone: Commentaries on the Laws of England: “Of Husband and Wife
- Chapter 3: Women in Colonial and Revolutionary America
- Massachusetts Bay Colony Trial against Anne Hutchinson
- Margaret Brent’s Request for Voting Rights
- Virginia’s Act XII: Negro Women’s Children to Serve according to the Condition of the Mother
- Anne Bradstreet: “Before the Birth of One of Her Children
- Deodat Lawson: “A Further Account of the Tryals of the New England Witches, Sent in a Letter from Thence, to a Gentleman in London
- Letter from Elizabeth Sprigs to Her Father
- Phillis Wheatley: “His Excellency General Washington
- Abigail Adams: “Remember the Ladies” Letter to John Adams
- Cherokee Women: Letter to Governor Benjamin Franklin
- Benjamin Rush: “Thoughts upon Female Education
- Chapter 4: Women’s Rights in the Late Modern Era
- Catherine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham: Letters on Education
- Olympe de Gouges: Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
- Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
- Mary Hays: Appeal to the Men of Great Britain in Behalf of Women
- Priscilla Bell Wakefield: Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex; with Suggestions for Its Improvement
- Savitribai Phule: “Go, Get Education
- Caroline Norton: Letter to the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cranworth’s Marriage and Divorce Bill
- Maria Eugenia Echenique: “The Emancipation of Women
- Emmeline Pankhurst: “Freedom or Death
- Virginia Woolf: A Room of One’s Own
- Chapter 5: American Women’s Lives in the Nineteenth Century
- Catherine E. Beecher: Treatise on Domestic Economy
- Margaret Fuller: Woman in the Nineteenth Century
- Frances Anne Kemble: Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839
- Amelia Jenks Bloomer: “Alas! Poor Adam” Speech
- Victoria Woodhull: Lecture on Constitutional Equality
- Page Act of 1875
- Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins: Life among the Piutes
- Susan B. Anthony: “The Status of Woman, Past, Present, and Future
- Elinore Pruitt Stewart: Letters of a Woman Homesteader
- Chapter 6: Votes for Women: Suffrage in the United States
- Sarah M. Grimké: Reply to the Pastoral Letter the General Association of Congregational Ministers of Massachusetts
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments
- Lucretia Mott: “Discourse on Women
- Sojourner Truth: “Ain’t I a Woman
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Address to the New York Legislature
- Minor v. Happersett
- Francis Parkman: Some of the Reasons against Woman Suffrage
- Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin: “Address to the First National Conference of Colored Women
- Mary Church Terrell: “The Progress of Colored Women
- Anna Howard Shaw: Address on the Place of Women in Society
- Ida Husted Harper: Statement before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Woman Suffrage
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman: “The Humanness of Women
- Jane Addams: “Why Women Should Vote
- Alice Paul: Testimony before the House Judiciary Committee
- Mabel Ping-Hua Lee: “The Submerged Half
- Carrie Chapman Catt
- Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
- William Pickens: “The Woman Voter Hits the Color Line
- Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson: “The Negro Woman and the Ballot
- Eleanor Roosevelt: “Women Must Learn to Play the Game as Men Do
- Chapter 7: Women’s Reform and Justice Movements in the United States
- Frances Wright: “Of Free Enquiry
- Lydia Maria Child: An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans
- Harriet Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
- Nellie Bly: Ten Days in a Mad-House
- Jane Addams: “The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements
- Ida B. Wells: Southern Horrors
- Frances Willard: Address before the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
- Clara Barton: The Red Cross in Peace and War
- Ida B. Wells: “Lynching: Our National Crime
- Rachel Carson: Silent Spring
- Chapter 8: Women’s Work and Labor Movements
- Mary S. Paul: Letters from Lowell Mills
- Isabella Beeton: Mrs. Beeton’s Book of Household Management
- Bradwell v. the State of Illinois
- Lucy Parsons: “The Negro: Let Him Leave Politics to the Politician and Prayers to the Preacher
- Clara Zetkin: “Women’s Work and the Trade Unions
- Jack London: The People of the Abyss
- Florence Kelley: “Child Labor and Women’s Suffrage
- Kelly Miller: “The Economic Handicap of the Negro in the North
- Muller v. Oregon
- Clara Lemlich: “Life in the Shop
- Rose Schneiderman: Speech on the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
- Leonora O’Reilly: Statement to the U.S. House Judiciary Committee
- Elizabeth Gurley Flynn: “The Truth about the Paterson Strike
- Helena Swanwick: The War in Its Effect upon Women
- National Women’s Trade Union League: Women’s Work and War
- Equal Pay Act
- Executive Order 11246: Equal Employment Opportunity
- Dolores Huerta: Statement to the Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor
- Pauline Newman: A Worker Recalls Her Time at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
- Chapter 9: Feminism and Equal Rightsin the United States
- Edith M. Stern:“Women Are Household Slaves
- Hoyt v. Florida
- Betty Friedan:The Feminine Mystique
- President’s Commissionon the Status of Women: “American Women
- Fannie Lou Hamer:Testimony at the Democratic National Convention
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Pauli Murray and Mary O. Eastwood: “Jane Crow and the Law: Sex Discrimination and Title VII
- Casey Hayden and Mary King:“Sex and Caste
- National Organization forWomen Statement of Purpose
- Loving v. Virginia
- Robin Morgan:“No More Miss America
- Segregated Employment Ads
- Ella Baker: “The Black Woman in the Civil Rights Struggle
- Gloria Steinem:“Living the Revolution
- Shirley Chisholm:“For the Equal Rights Amendment
- Phyllis Schlafly:“What’s Wrong with‘Equal Rights’ for Women
- Equal Rights Amendment
- Title IX Education Act of 1972
- Frontiero v. Richardson
- Shirley Chisholm:“The Black Womanin Contemporary America
- Taylor v. Louisiana
- Audre Lorde:“Poetry Is Not a Luxury
- Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
- Jo Ann Gibson Robinson: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It
- Bella Abzug: “Women and the Fate of the Earth
- Sandra Day O’Connor:“Portia’s Progress
- Violence Against Women Act
- United States v. Virginia
- Patsy Mink:Speech on the 25thAnniversary of Title IX
- Billie Jean King: Commencement Address for University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Chapter 10: Reproductive Rightsin the United States
- Comstock Act
- Margaret Sanger: “Birth Control and Racial Betterment
- Buck v. Bell
- Griswold v. Connecticut
- Roe v. Wade
- Relf v. Weinberger
- International Campaign for Abortion Rights: International Day of Action
- Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
- Margaret Cerullo:“Hidden History:An Illegal Abortion in 1968
- Planned Parenthood v. Casey
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg:Concurrence in Stenberg, Attorney General of Nebraska, et al. v. Carhart
- Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s HealthOrganization
- Chapter 11: Gender, Sexuality, and Marriagein the United States
- Emma Goldman:“Marriage and Love
- Mann Act
- Mackenzie v. Hare
- Christine Jorgensen:“The Story of My Life
- Denise Harmon:“Stonewall Means Fight Back
- Sylvia Rivera:“Y’All Better Quiet Down
- Adrienne Rich: “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Experience
- June Jordan:“A New Politics of Sexuality
- Lawrence v. Texas
- Obergefell v. Hodges
- Chapter 12: Modern, Postmodern, and Postcolonial Feminisms
- Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex
- Luce Irigaray:“Women on the Market
- Hazel V. Carby: “White Woman Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood
- Chandra Talpade Mohanty:“Under Western Eyes
- Xiao Lu: “China: Feudal Attitudes, Party Control, and Half the Sky
- Ama Ata Aidoo:“Ghana: To Be a Woman
- Audre Lorde:“The Master’s Tools Will NeverDismantle the Master’s House
- Gloria Anzaldúa: Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
- María Lugones: “Toward a Decolonial Feminism
- Chapter 13: Intersectionality in the United States
- Zitkala-Ša:“The Cutting of My Long Hair
- Jessie Redmon Fauset:“Some Notes on Color
- Marita O. Bonner:“On Being Young—A Woman—And Colored
- Zora Neale Hurston: “How It Feels to Be Colored Me
- Mary McLeod Bethune: “What Does American Democracy Mean to Me
- Combahee River Collective Statement
- bell hooks:Feminist Theory:From Margin to Center
- Anita Hill: Opening Statement at the Senate Confirmation Hearing of Clarence Thomas
- “African American Womenin Defense of Ourselves
- Alicia Garza:“A Herstory of the#BlackLivesMatter Movement
- Say Her Name:Resisting Police Brutalityagainst Black Women
- Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw:“Say Her Name” Speech
- Judith Heumann: “Our Fight for Disability Rights—And Why We’re Not Done Yet
- Oprah Winfrey:Cecil B. DeMilleAward Acceptance Speech
- Tarana Burke:“Full Power of Women
- Chapter 14: Women’s Rights Are Human Rights
- Indira Gandhi: “What Educated Women Can Do
- “A Mother’s Lifein Rural Pernambuco, Brazil
- Rigoberta Menchú Tum:Nobel Peace Prize Lecture
- Hillary Rodham Clinton: “Women’s Rights Are Human Rights
- Benazir Bhutto:Address at the Fourth WorldConference on Women
- Charlotte Bunch: “Through Women’s Eyes: Global Forces Facing Women in the 21st Century
- Queen Noor of Jordan: Remarks at the National Organization for Arab-American Women Banquet
- Wangari Maathai: Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
- Betty Williams:“Peace in the WorldIs Everybody’s Business
- “Elena’s Story
- “Fabienne’s Story
- Chapter 15: Justice Movementsin the Twenty-first Century
- Shirin Ebadi:“Iran Awakening: Human Rights,Women, and Islam
- Luisa D. Diogo:“Women for a Better World
- Ellen Johnson Sirleaf:“A Voice for Freedom
- Michelle Bachelet:“Time to Make thePromise of Equality a Reality
- Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie:“We Should All Be Feminists
- Michelle Obama: Remarks at the 2012 International Women of Courage Awards
- Malala Yousafzai: Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
- Emma Watson: “HeForShe” Speech to the United Nations
- Atifete Jahjaga:Support of Women’s Property Rights in Kosovo
- Joyce Banda:Wheelock CollegeCommencement Address
- Carmen Perez: Address at the Women’s March on Washington
- X González:“We Call BS
- Autumn Peltier: Address at the UN World Water Day
- Greta Thunberg:“Our House Is on Fire
- Josina Machel: “Male Violence against Women: The Next Frontier in Humanity
- Kamala Harris:“The Status of WomenIs the Status of Democracy
- Sustainable Development Goal 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls