Table of Contents
Frances Wright:“Of Free Enquiry”
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Abstract
Frances Wright was born in Scotland in 1795 and settled in the United States in 1824. She became a U.S. citizen the following year. By that point, Wright was already famous in France and England as an advocate for women’s equality. She was also a staunch opponent of slavery and a proponent of public education. Many of her ideas were considered radical at the time, and Wright often faced criticism and hostility from conservative segments of society.
Contents
- Chapter 1:: Women and Gender in the Ancient World
- Enheduanna: Hymns to Inana
- Code of Assura
- Sappho: Poems and Fragments
- Herodotus: The History of the Persian Wars
- Ban Zhao: Lessons for a Woman
- Plutarch: Moralia: “On the Bravery of Women”
- Soranus: Gynaecology
- Juvenal: The Satires
- Vibia Perpetua: The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity
- St. Jerome: Letter CVII to Laeta
- Chapter 2:: Women in the Early Modern Era
- Julian of Norwich: Revelations of Divine Love
- Geoffrey Chaucer: “The Wife of Bath”
- Christine de Pisan: The Treasure of the City of Ladies
- Joan of Arc: Letter to King Henry VI of England
- Margery Kempe: The Book of Margery Kempe
- Henrich Kramer: Malleus Maleficarum
- Veronica Franco: A Warning to a Mother Considering Turning Her Daughter into a Courtesan
- Queen Elizabeth I: Speech to the Troops at Tilbury
- Ursula de Jesus: “Visions of the World to Come”
- Juana Inés de la Cruz: “The Poet’s Answer to Sor Filotea de la Cruz”
- Mary Astell: A Serious Proposal to the Ladies for the Advancement of Their True and Greatest Interest
- Lady Mary Wortley Montagu: Smallpox Vaccination in Turkey
- Lady Hong: “Diary of Lady Hong, Queen of Korea”
- William Blackstone: Commentaries on the Laws of England: “Of Husband and Wife”
- Chapter 3:: Women in Colonial and Revolutionary America
- Massachusetts Bay Colony Trial against Anne Hutchinson
- Margaret Brent’s Request for Voting Rights
- Virginia’s Act XII: Negro Women’s Children to Serve according to the Condition of the Mother
- Anne Bradstreet: “Before the Birth of One of Her Children”
- Deodat Lawson: “A Further Account of the Tryals of the New England Witches, Sent in a Letter from Thence, to a Gentleman in London”
- Letter from Elizabeth Sprigs to Her Father
- Phillis Wheatley: “His Excellency General Washington”
- Abigail Adams: “Remember the Ladies” Letter to John Adams
- Cherokee Women: Letter to Governor Benjamin Franklin
- Benjamin Rush: “Thoughts upon Female Education”
- Chapter 4:: Women’s Rights in the Late Modern Era
- Catherine Sawbridge Macaulay Graham: Letters on Education
- Olympe de Gouges: Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
- Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
- Mary Hays: Appeal to the Men of Great Britain in Behalf of Women
- Priscilla Bell Wakefield: Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex; with Suggestions for Its Improvement
- Savitribai Phule: “Go, Get Education”
- Caroline Norton: Letter to the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cranworth’s Marriage and Divorce Bill
- Maria Eugenia Echenique: “The Emancipation of Women”
- Emmeline Pankhurst: “Freedom or Death”
- Virginia Woolf: A Room of One’s Own
- Chapter 5:: American Women’s Lives in the Nineteenth Century
- Catherine E. Beecher: Treatise on Domestic Economy
- Margaret Fuller: Woman in the Nineteenth Century
- Frances Anne Kemble: Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838–1839
- Amelia Jenks Bloomer: “Alas! Poor Adam” Speech
- Victoria Woodhull: Lecture on Constitutional Equality
- Page Act of 1875
- Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins: Life among the Piutes
- Susan B. Anthony: “The Status of Woman, Past, Present, and Future”
- Elinore Pruitt Stewart: Letters of a Woman Homesteader
- Chapter 6:: Votes for Women: Suffrage in the United States
- Sarah M. Grimké: Reply to the Pastoral Letter the General Association of Congregational Ministers of Massachusetts
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments
- Lucretia Mott: “Discourse on Women”
- Sojourner Truth: “Ain’t I a Woman?”
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Address to the New York Legislature
- Minor v. Happersett
- Francis Parkman: Some of the Reasons against Woman Suffrage
- Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin: “Address to the First National Conference of Colored Women”
- Mary Church Terrell: “The Progress of Colored Women”
- Anna Howard Shaw: Address on the Place of Women in Society
- Ida Husted Harper: Statement before the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Woman Suffrage
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman: “The Humanness of Women”
- Jane Addams: “Why Women Should Vote”
- Alice Paul: Testimony before the House Judiciary Committee
- Mabel Ping-Hua Lee: “The Submerged Half ”
- Carrie Chapman Catt: “Equal Suffrage”
- Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
- William Pickens: “The Woman Voter Hits the Color Line”
- Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson: “The Negro Woman and the Ballot”
- Eleanor Roosevelt: “Women Must Learn to Play the Game as Men Do”
- Chapter 7:: Women’s Reform and Justice Movements in the United States
- Frances Wright: “Of Free Enquiry”
- Lydia Maria Child: An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans
- Harriet Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
- Nellie Bly: Ten Days in a Mad-House
- Jane Addams: “The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements”
- Ida B. Wells: Southern Horrors
- Frances Willard: Address before the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
- Clara Barton: The Red Cross in Peace and War
- Ida B. Wells: “Lynching: Our National Crime”
- Rachel Carson: Silent Spring
- Chatper 8:: Women’s Work and Labor Movements
- Mary S. Paul: Letters from Lowell Mills
- Isabella Beeton: Mrs. Beeton’s Book of Household Management
- Bradwell v. the State of Illinois
- Lucy Parsons: “The Negro: Let Him Leave Politics to the Politician and Prayers to the Preacher”
- Clara Zetkin: “Women’s Work and the Trade Unions”
- Jack London: The People of the Abyss
- Florence Kelley: “Child Labor and Women’s Suffrage”
- Kelly Miller: “The Economic Handicap of the Negro in the North”
- Muller v. Oregon
- Clara Lemlich: “Life in the Shop”
- Rose Schneiderman: Speech on the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
- Leonora O’Reilly: Statement to the U.S. House Judiciary Committee
- Elizabeth Gurley Flynn: “The Truth about the Paterson Strike”
- Helena Swanwick: The War in Its Effect upon Women
- National Women’s Trade Union League: Women’s Work and War
- Equal Pay Act
- Executive Order 11246: Equal Employment Opportunity
- Dolores Huerta: Statement to the Senate Subcommittee on Migratory Labor
- Pauline Newman: A Worker Recalls Her Time at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
- Chapter 9:: Feminism and Equal Rights in the United States
- Edith M. Stern: “Women Are Household Slaves”
- Hoyt v. Florida
- Betty Friedan: The Feminine Mystique
- President’s Commission on the Status of Women: “American Women”
- Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention
- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Pauli Murray and Mary O. Eastwood: “Jane Crow and the Law: Sex Discrimination and Title VII”
- Casey Hayden and Mary King: “Sex and Caste”
- National Organization for Women Statement of Purpose
- Loving v. Virginia
- Robin Morgan: “No More Miss America!”
- Segregated Employment Ads
- Ella Baker: “The Black Woman in the Civil Rights Struggle”
- Gloria Steinem: “Living the Revolution”
- Shirley Chisholm: “For the Equal Rights Amendment”
- Phyllis Schlafly: “What’s Wrong with ‘Equal Rights’ for Women?”
- Equal Rights Amendment
- Title IX Education Act of 1972
- Frontiero v. Richardson
- Shirley Chisholm: “The Black Woman in Contemporary America”
- Taylor v. Louisiana
- Audre Lorde: “Poetry Is Not a Luxury”
- Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson
- Jo Ann Gibson Robinson: The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It
- Bella Abzug: “Women and the Fate of the Earth”
- Sandra Day O’Connor: “Portia’s Progress”
- Violence Against Women Act
- United States v. Virginia
- Patsy Mink: Speech on the 25th Anniversary of Title IX
- Billie Jean King: Commencement Address for University of Massachusetts, Amherst
- Chapter 10:: Reproductive Rights in the United States
- Comstock Act
- Margaret Sanger: “Birth Control and Racial Betterment”
- Buck v. Bell
- Griswold v. Connecticut
- Roe v. Wade
- Relf v. Weinberger
- International Campaign for Abortion Rights: International Day of Action
- Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
- Margaret Cerullo: “Hidden History: An Illegal Abortion in 1968”
- Planned Parenthood v. Casey
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Concurrence in Stenberg, Attorney General of Nebraska, et al. v. Carhart
- Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
- Chapter 11:: Gender, Sexuality, and Marriage in the United States
- Emma Goldman: “Marriage and Love”
- Mann Act
- Mackenzie v. Hare
- Christine Jorgensen: “The Story of My Life”
- Denise Harmon: “Stonewall Means Fight Back!”
- Sylvia Rivera: “Y’All Better Quiet Down”
- Adrienne Rich: “Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Experience”
- June Jordan: “A New Politics of Sexuality”
- Lawrence v. Texas
- Obergefell v. Hodges
- Chapter 12:: Modern, Postmodern, and Postcolonial Feminisms
- Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex
- Luce Irigaray: “Women on the Market”
- Hazel V. Carby: “White Woman Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood”
- Chandra Talpade Mohanty: “Under Western Eyes”
- Xiao Lu: “China: Feudal Attitudes, Party Control, and Half the Sky”
- Ama Ata Aidoo: “Ghana: To Be a Woman”
- Audre Lorde: “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House”
- Gloria Anzaldúa: Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
- María Lugones: “Toward a Decolonial Feminism”
- Chapter 13:: Intersectionality in the United States
- Zitkala-Ša: “The Cutting of My Long Hair”
- Jessie Redmon Fauset: “Some Notes on Color”
- Marita O. Bonner: “On Being Young—A Woman—And Colored”
- Zora Neale Hurston: “How It Feels to Be Colored Me”
- Mary McLeod Bethune: “What Does American Democracy Mean to Me?”
- Combahee River Collective Statement
- bell hooks: Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center
- Anita Hill: Opening Statement at the Senate Confirmation Hearing of Clarence Thomas
- “African American Women in Defense of Ourselves”
- Alicia Garza: “A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement”
- Say Her Name: Resisting Police Brutality against Black Women
- Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw: “Say Her Name” Speech
- Judith Heumann: “Our Fight for Disability Rights—And Why We’re Not Done Yet”
- Oprah Winfrey: Cecil B. DeMille Award Acceptance Speech
- Tarana Burke: “Full Power of Women”
- Chapter 14:: Women’s Rights Are Human Rights
- Indira Gandhi: “What Educated Women Can Do”
- “A Mother’s Life in Rural Pernambuco, Brazil”
- Rigoberta Menchú Tum: Nobel Peace Prize Lecture
- Hillary Rodham Clinton: “Women’s Rights Are Human Rights”
- Benazir Bhutto: Address at the Fourth World Conference on Women
- Charlotte Bunch: “Through Women’s Eyes: Global Forces Facing Women in the 21st Century”
- Queen Noor of Jordan: Remarks at the National Organization for Arab-American Women Banquet
- Wangari Maathai: Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
- Betty Williams: “Peace in the World Is Everybody’s Business”
- “Elena’s Story”
- “Fabienne’s Story”
- Chapter 15:: Justice Movements in the Twenty-first Century
- Shirin Ebadi: “Iran Awakening: Human Rights, Women, and Islam”
- Luisa D. Diogo: “Women for a Better World”
- Ellen Johnson Sirleaf: “A Voice for Freedom”
- Michelle Bachelet: “Time to Make the Promise of Equality a Reality”
- Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: “We Should All Be Feminists”
- Michelle Obama: Remarks at the 2012 International Women of Courage Awards
- Malala Yousafzai: Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
- Emma Watson: “HeForShe” Speech to the United Nations
- Atifete Jahjaga: Support of Women’s Property Rights in Kosovo
- Joyce Banda: Wheelock College Commencement Address
- Carmen Perez: Address at the Women’s March on Washington
- X González: “We Call BS”
- Autumn Peltier: Address at the UN World Water Day
- Greta Thunberg: “Our House Is on Fire”
- Josina Machel: “Male Violence against Women: The Next Frontier in Humanity”
- Kamala Harris: “The Status of Women Is the Status of Democracy”
- Sustainable Development Goal 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls