Juan de Oñate: Letter about a Settlement in New Mexico
A Student’s Guide to Essential Primary Sources
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Juan de Oñate: Letter about a Settlement in New Mexico
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Abstract
This document is a fragment of a letter in which Juan de Oñate informed the viceroy Gaspar de Zuñiga of the process of colonizing New Mexico. During the second half of the sixteenth century, the authorities of New Spain looked to expand its domains into the far north. Several individuals at the time sought to obtain the right to colonize New Mexico. In 1595 the Spanish crown granted this privilege to Juan de Oñate, who was a descendant of early conquistadors and the member of a wealthy family in Zacatecas. With this privilege, Oñate obtained land grants and fiscal exemptions, as well as the title of governor of New Mexico. Oñate began the expedition in February of 1598 with 400 men and their families.
Contents
- Chapter 1: Pre-Contact
- Popol Vuh
- Hopi Creation Myth
- Codex Boturini
- Codex Mendoza
- Origin Myth of the Acoma
- Chapter 2: Contact with the Spanish (1492–1598)
- Christopher Columbus: Columbus Reports on His First Voyage
- Columbus Meets the Taíno
- A Universal Cosmography according to the Tradition of Ptolomy and the Surveys of America Vespucci and Others
- Requerimiento
- Hernán Cortés: Second Letter to Charles V
- Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: The Journey of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
- A Franciscan Friar Describes the Land and the People of New Mexico
- Bartolomé de las Casas: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
- Philip II: Spain Asserts Control over the Indians of Nueva Galicia
- Bernal Díaz: The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
- Juan de Oñate: Letter about a Settlement in New Mexico
- Fray Antonio de la Ascension: A Brief Report of the Discovery in New Spain
- Tzacoalco (Jalisco): Concerns about a Marriage
- Our Lady of Guadalupe: “The Apparitions and the Miracle”
- Chapter 3: The Spanish Borderlands and the Mexican North (1600–1840s)
- Pedro Naranjo: The Pueblo Indians Call for War
- Casta Paintings
- Bishop Pedro Tamarón y Romeral Visits New Mexico
- Friar Junípero Serra: Response to the Revolt and Destruction of Mission San Diego
- Manuel Mier y Terán: Reports on the Divisions in Texas
- José Antonio Saco: “The Color Line”
- Richard Henry Dana Jr.: Two Years Before the Mast
- Guadalupe Vallejo Reminiscences about the Rancho Period
- Chapter 4: U.S. Expansion: Internal and External Colonization (1830s–1898)
- Stephen F. Austin: Letter to George Fisher Describing the Occurrences in Texas
- Lorenzo de Zavala: Journey to the United States of North America
- Stephen F. Austin: A Letter Describing the Texas Cause
- Antonio López de Santa Anna: Message to the Inhabitants of Texas
- Juan Nepomuceno Seguín: A Tejano Leader Calls for Support of the Texas Revolution
- John L. O’Sullivan: “Great Nation of Futurity”
- John G. F. Wurdemann: A Physician's Notes on Cuba
- Joint Resolution on the Annexation of Texas
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- Alexander von Humboldt: The Island of Cuba
- Elisha M. Pease: Letter to Texas Legislature on the “Cart War”
- Juan Seguín: Personal Memoirs
- Juan Nepomuceno Cortina: Proclamation to Texans, September 1859
- Juan Nepomuceno Cortina: Proclamation to the Mexicans of Texas, November 1859
- “Proclamation of Las Gorras Blancas”
- José Martí: “Our America”
- Louis Dalrymple: “School Begins”
- Marian M. George: A Little Journey to Puerto Rico
- Platt Amendment
- Chapter 5: Expansion and Migration
- “Corrido de Kiansis”
- “The National Boundary Line at Nogales”
- “El Corrido Pensilvanio”
- “The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez”
- “Los Padrinos en los Funerales de Don Pedrito”
- “Los Sediciosos”
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Isidro Osorio
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Anastacio Torres
- Excerpts from the 1930 U.S. Census
- Chapter 6: Revolution and Reform
- Francisco Madero: Plan de San Luis Potosí
- Plan de Ayala
- “The Plan of San Diego”
- José Vasconcelos: The Cosmic Race/La raza cósmica
- Aims and Purposes of the Latin-American Citizens League
- Constitution of the League of United Latin American Citizens
- Pedro Albizu Campos: “Puerto Rican Nationalism”
- “Resolution on Racial Discrimination”
- Emma Tenayuca and Homer Brooks: “The Mexican Question in the Southwest”
- Luisa Moreno: “Caravans of Sorrow” Speech
- Vernon D. Northrop: Letter to Secretary of State Regarding Puerto Rico
- Fidel Castro: “History Will Absolve Me”
- Fidel Castro: Speech at Presidential Palace
- Chapter 7: Cultural Negotiation— Acculturation and Assimilation
- Robert N. McLean: Protestant Religious Work among the Mexicans
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Juan Berzonzolo
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Elías Garza
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Juana de Hidalgo
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Elisa Silva
- Daniel Venegas: The Adventures of Don Chipote; or, When Parrots Breast Feed
- Paul S. Taylor: Sociological Observations of Mexican Americans in Nueces County, Texas
- Paul S. Taylor: Interviews with Mexican Americans in Nueces County, Texas
- Américo Paredes: “The Mexico-Texan”
- Américo Paredes: “Alma pocha”
- Jesús Colón: “Greetings from Washington” (from A Puerto Rican in New York )
- Chapter 8: The Great Depression and Postwar Years
- Elsie Chavez Chilton: Working with the Civilian Conservation Corps near Las Cruces
- Susan Archuleta Looks Back at Jobs with the CCC and the National Youth Administration in Northern New Mexico
- U.S. Commissioner General of Immigration Reports on Mexican Immigration
- Franklin D. Roosevelt: First Inaugural Address
- Memorandum by the American Ambassador in Mexico of a Conversation with the Mexican Minister for Foreign Affairs
- Works Progress Administration Interviews with Hispanic Women in New Mexico, 1936–39
- Américo Paredes: George Washington Gómez: A Mexicotexan Novel
- Selden C. Menefee and Orin C. Cassmore: The Pecan Shellers of San Antonio
- Raúl Morín Discusses Mexican Americans in Military Service
- Photograph of Mexican Agricultural Laborers
- “Youth Gangs Leading Cause of Delinquencies”
- “Zoot Suiters Lined Up outside Los Angeles Jail”
- Chapter 9: Early Civil Rights and American Liberalism
- Report of the Joint Fact-Finding Committee to the Fifty-Fifth California Legislature
- Mendez v. Westminster
- Delgado v. Bastrop
- Hernandez v. Texas
- José Antonio Villarreal: Pocho
- Lyndon B. Johnson: Remarks at a Reception Honoring Henry González
- Henry B. González: Speech against the Chicano Movement
- Chapter 10: Civil Rights and Liberation
- César Chávez: Plan de Delano
- Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales: “I Am Joaquín”
- Piri Thomas:“Brothers Under the Skin” (from Down These Mean Streets)
- Reies López Tijerina: Interview after Martin Luther King's Assassination
- Patricio Paiz: “En memoria de Arturo Tijerina”
- Staff Report: Demographic, Economic, and Social Characteristics of the Spanish Surname Population of the Five Southwestern States—U.S. Civil Rights Commission, San Antonio, TX
- Staff Report: A Study of Equality of Educational Opportunity for Mexican Americans in Nine School Districts of the San Antonio Area—U.S. Civil Rights Commission, San Antonio, TX
- Staff Report: Farm Workers— U.S. Civil Rights Commission, San Antonio, TX
- Father Ruiz: Statement before the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
- Young Lords Party 13-Point Program and Platform
- East LA Walkout Demands
- Alurista and Rodolfo Gonzales: “El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán”
- José Angel Gutiérrez: “The Thirty-Ninth MAYO Walkout: A Diary”
- Crystal City Walkout Demands
- El Plan de Santa Barbara: A Chicano Plan for Higher Education
- Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales: Arizona State University Speech
- Mexican American Marines in Vietnam
- Luis Valdez:“Pensamiento Serpentino: A Chicano Approach to the Theater of Reality”
- Sandra María Esteves: “Blanket Weaver”
- Chapter 11: “The Decade of the Hispanic” and Hispanic Politics in the 1980s
- Cuban Adjustment Act
- Serna v. Portales
- Gerald Ford: Address to the Republican National Hispanic Assembly
- Plyler v. Doe
- Virginia Escalante, Nancy Rivera, and Victor Valle: “Inside the World of Latinas”
- David Reyes: “In Pursuit of the Latino American Dream”
- Frank Sotomayor: “Latinos: A Diverse Group Tied by Ethnicity”
- Ronald Reagan: Address to the Nation on United States Policy in Central America
- Tato Laviera: “AmeRícan”
- Reyes Cárdenas: “If We Praise the Aztecs”
- Frank del Olmo: “Latino ‘Decade’ Moves into ‘90s”
- “The Decade of the Hispanic: An Economic Retrospective”
- Chapter 12: Latinos in Modern Politics
- Linda Chávez: “Toward a New Politics of Hispanic Assimilation”
- Proposition 187
- Lionel Sosa: The Americano Dream: How Latinos Can Achieve Success in Business and in Life
- DREAM Act
- Sonia Sotomayor: “A Latina Judge’s Voice”
- Samuel P. Huntington: “The Hispanic Challenge”
- Herman Badillo: “From Kennedy Democrat to Giuliani Republican”
- Leslie Sanchez: “The Emerging Latino Republican Majority”
- Lorna Dee Cervantes: “Coffee”
- Bill Richardson: Democratic National Convention Speech
- Sonia Sotomayor: Supreme Court Nomination Speech
- Barack Obama: Speech at the National Council of La Raza
- Barack Obama: Speech Announcing DACA
- Marco Rubio: Presidential Campaign Launch Speech
- Denice Frohman: “Abuela’s Dance”
- Manuel Pastor: “Latinos and the New American Majority”
- Donald Trump: Speech on Immigration
- Donald Trump: State of the Union Address
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: Response to Being Accosted by Ted Yoho
- “Latinx LGBT Adults in the U.S.”
- Latino GDP Report for 2021