Table of Contents
José Vasconcelos: The Cosmic Race/La raza cósmica
Overview
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Abstract
After the Mexican Revolution (1910–20), a jingoistic ethnocentrism emerged among Mexico’s leading intellectuals in the forging of the country’s nationalism. Mexican culture had to pass the test of lo mexicano—the study of the Mexican ethos through a certain psychoanalytical framework—for it to be part of the larger project of mexicanidad (Mexicanness).
Book contents
- Chapter 1: Pre-Contact
- Popol Vuh
- Hopi Creation Myth
- Codex Boturini
- Codex Mendoza
- Origin Myth of the Acoma
- Chapter 2: Contact with the Spanish (1492–1598)
- Christopher Columbus: Columbus Reports on His First Voyage
- Columbus Meets the Taíno
- A Universal Cosmography according to the Tradition of Ptolomy and the Surveys of America Vespucci and Others
- Requerimiento
- Hernán Cortés: Second Letter to Charles V
- Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: The Journey of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
- A Franciscan Friar Describes the Land and the People of New Mexico
- Bartolomé de las Casas: A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies
- Philip II: Spain Asserts Control over the Indians of Nueva Galicia
- Bernal Díaz: The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
- Juan de Oñate: Letter about a Settlement in New Mexico
- Fray Antonio de la Ascension: A Brief Report of the Discovery in New Spain
- Tzacoalco (Jalisco): Concerns about a Marriage
- Our Lady of Guadalupe: “The Apparitions and the Miracle”
- Chapter 3: The Spanish Borderlands and the Mexican North (1600–1840s)
- Pedro Naranjo: The Pueblo Indians Call for War
- Casta Paintings
- Bishop Pedro Tamarón y Romeral Visits New Mexico
- Friar Junípero Serra: Response to the Revolt and Destruction of Mission San Diego
- Manuel Mier y Terán: Reports on the Divisions in Texas
- José Antonio Saco: “The Color Line”
- Richard Henry Dana Jr.: Two Years Before the Mast
- Guadalupe Vallejo Reminisces about the Rancho Period
- Chapter 4: U.S. Expansion: Internal and External Colonization (1830s–1898)
- Stephen F. Austin: Letter to George Fisher Describing the Occurrences in Texas
- Lorenzo de Zavala: Journey to the United States of North America
- Stephen F. Austin: A Letter Describing the Texas Cause
- Antonio López de Santa Anna: Message to the Inhabitants of Texas
- Juan Nepomuceno Seguín: A Tejano Leader Calls for Support of the Texas Revolution
- John L. O’Sullivan: “Great Nation of Futurity”
- John G. F. Wurdemann: A Physician’s Notes on Cuba
- Joint Resolution on the Annexation of Texas
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- Alexander von Humboldt: The Island of Cuba
- Elisha M. Pease: Letter to Texas Legislature on the “Cart War”
- Juan Seguín: Personal Memoirs
- Juan Nepomuceno Cortina: Proclamation to Texans, September 1859
- Juan Nepomuceno Cortina: Proclamation to the Mexicans of Texas, November 1859
- “Proclamation of Las Gorras Blancas”
- José Martí: “Our America”
- Louis Dalrymple: “School Begins”
- Marian M. George: A Little Journey to Puerto Rico
- Platt Amendment
- Chapter 5: Expansion and Migration
- “Corrido de Kiansis”
- “The National Boundary Line at Nogales”
- “El Corrido Pensilvanio”
- “The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez”
- “Los Padrinos en los Funerales de Don Pedrito”
- “Los Sediciosos”
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Isidro Osorio
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Anastacio Torres
- Excerpts from the 1930 U.S. Census
- Chapter 6: Revolution and Reform
- Francisco Madero: Plan de San Luis Potosí
- Plan de Ayala
- “The Plan of San Diego”
- cósmica
- Aims and Purposes of the Latin-American Citizens League
- Constitution of the League of United Latin American Citizens
- Pedro Albizu Campos: “Puerto Rican Nationalism”
- “Resolution on Racial Discrimination”
- Emma Tenayuca and Homer Brooks: “The Mexican Question in the Southwest”
- Luisa Moreno: “Caravans of Sorrow” Speech
- Vernon D. Northrop: Letter to Secretary of State Regarding Puerto Rico
- Fidel Castro: “History Will Absolve Me”
- Fidel Castro: Speech at Presidential Palace
- Chapter 7: Cultural Negotiation— Acculturation and Assimilation
- Robert N. McLean: Protestant Religious Work among the Mexicans
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Juan Berzunzolo
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Elías Garza
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Juana de Hidalgo
- Manuel Gamio: Interview with Elisa Silva
- Daniel Venegas: The Adventures of Don Chipote; or, When Parrots Breast Feed
- Paul S. Taylor: Sociological Observations of Mexican Americans in Nueces County, Texas
- Paul S. Taylor: Interviews with Mexican Americans in Nueces County, Texas
- Américo Paredes: “The Mexico-Texan”
- Américo Paredes: “Alma pocha”
- Jesús Colón: “Greetings from Washington” (from A Puerto Rican in New York)
- Chapter 8: The Great Depression and Postwar Years
- Elsie Chavez Chilton: Working with the Civilian Conservation Corps near Las Cruces
- Susan Archuleta Looks Back at Jobs with the CCC and the National Youth Administration in Northern New Mexico
- U.S. Commissioner General of Immigration Reports on Mexican Immigration
- Franklin D. Roosevelt: First Inaugural Address
- Memorandum by the American Ambassador in Mexico of a Conversation with the Mexican Minister for Foreign Affairs
- Works Progress Administration Interviews with Hispanic Women in New Mexico, 1936–39
- Américo Paredes: George Washington Gómez: A Mexicotexan Novel
- Selden C. Menefee and Orin C. Cassmore: The Pecan Shellers of San Antonio
- Raúl Morín Discusses Mexican Americans in Military Service
- Photograph of Mexican Agricultural Laborers
- “Youth Gangs Leading Cause of Delinquencies”
- “Zoot Suiters Lined Up outside Los Angeles Jail”
- Early Civil Rights and American Liberalism
- Report of the Joint Fact-Finding Committee to the Fifty-Fifth California Legislature
- Mendez v. Westminster
- Delgado v. Bastrop
- Hernandez v. Texas
- José Antonio Villarreal: Pocho
- Lyndon B. Johnson: Remarks at a Reception Honoring Henry González
- Henry B. González: Speech against the Chicano Movement
- Chapter 10: Civil Rights and Liberation
- César Chávez: Plan de Delano
- Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales: “I Am Joaquín”
- Piri Thomas: “Brothers Under the Skin” (from Down These Mean Streets)
- Reies López Tijerina: Interview after Martin Luther King’s Assassination
- Patricio Paiz: “En memoria de Arturo Tijerina”
- Staff Report: Demographic, Economic, and Social Characteristics of the Spanish Surname Population of the Five Southwestern States—U.S. Civil Rights Commission, San Antonio, TX
- Staff Report: A Study of Equality of Educational Opportunity for Mexican Americans in Nine School Districts of the San Antonio Area—U.S. Civil Rights Commission, San Antonio, TX
- Staff Report: Farm Workers— U.S. Civil Rights Commission, San Antonio, TX
- Father Ruiz: Statement before the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
- Young Lords Party 13-Point Program and Platform
- East LA Walkout Demands
- Alurista and Rodolfo Gonzales: “El Plan Espiritual de Aztlan”
- José Angel Gutiérrez: “The Thirty-Ninth MAYO Walkout: A Diary”
- Crystal City Walkout Demands
- El Plan de Santa Barbara: A Chicano Plan for Higher Education
- Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales: Arizona State University Speech
- Mexican American Marines in Vietnam
- Luis Valdez: “Pensamiento Serpentino: A Chicano Approach to the Theater of Reality”
- Sandra María Esteves: “Blanket Weaver”
- Chapter 11: “The Decade of the Hispanic” and Hispanic Politics in the 1980s
- Cuban Adjustment Act
- Serna v. Portales
- Gerald Ford: Address to the Republican National Hispanic Assembly
- Plyler v. Doe
- Virginia Escalante, Nancy Rivera, and Victor Valle: “Inside the World of Latinas”
- David Reyes: “In Pursuit of the Latino American Dream”
- Frank Sotomayor: “Latinos: A Diverse Group Tied by Ethnicity”
- Ronald Reagan: Address to the Nation on United States Policy in Central America
- Tato Laviera: “AmeRícan”
- Reyes Cárdenas: “If We Praise the Aztecs”
- Frank del Olmo: “Latino ‘Decade’ Moves into ’90s”
- “The Decade of the Hispanic: An Economic Retrospective”
- Chapter 12: Latinos in Modern Politics
- Linda Chávez: “Toward a New Politics of Hispanic Assimilation”
- Proposition 187
- Lionel Sosa: The Americano Dream: How Latinos Can Achieve Success in Business and in Life
- DREAM Act
- Sonia Sotomayor: “A Latina Judge’s Voice”
- Samuel P. Huntington: “The Hispanic Challenge”
- Herman Badillo: “From Kennedy Democrat to Giuliani Republican”
- Leslie Sanchez: “The Emerging Latino Republican Majority”
- Lorna Dee Cervantes: “Coffee”
- Bill Richardson: Democratic National Convention Speech
- Sonia Sotomayor: Supreme Court Nomination Speech
- Barack Obama: Speech at the National Council of La Raza
- Barack Obama: Speech Announcing DACA
- Marco Rubio: Presidential Campaign Launch Speech
- Denice Frohman: “Abuela’s Dance”
- Manuel Pastor: “Latinos and the New American Majority”
- Donald Trump: Speech on Immigration
- Donald Trump: State of the Union Address
- Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: Response to Being Accosted by Ted Yoho
- “Latinx LGBT Adults in the U.S.”
- Latino GDP Report for 2021