The Rise of the Qing
A Milestone Documents E-text
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The Rise of the Qing

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Abstract

China’s final dynasty, the Qing (“pure”) Dynasty, was established in 1636 by Hong Taiji (1592–1643), a Jurchen clan leader who successfully consolidated the tribal peoples of northeastern China into a new, powerful political entity. These peoples were collectively known as the Manchu, and they controlled China politically, economically, and culturally until the early twentieth century.

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