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During World War II (1939–45), the United States and the Soviet Union were allied in the fight against their common enemies. Following the end of the war in 1945, the wartime alliance began to fall apart, and America and its allies began to fear the spread of communism. The Cold War was born out of the tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, the United States began to focus on how to stop the spread of communism—a policy known as containment.