Hispanic immigration into the United States, primarily from Mexico, has created in immigrant communities a duality—as the African American philosopher W. E. B. Du Bois once put it, a sense of “double consciousness.” Mexican Americans have long been forced to grapple with their identities as both Mexican and American. Many Mexican Americans over the years have formed communities in which they can maintain their Mexican identity while also challenging anti-immigration legislation that threatens their communities and their families. The 1990s saw a wave of immigration from Mexico and, as a result, anti-immigration legislation, such as California’s Proposition 187, to curtail the rights of immigrants. By resisting assimilation into American culture, according to Samuel P. Huntington in his Foreign Policy essay, Mexican Americans have used their networks to challenge existing U.S. power structures. This has been especially true in U.S. southern border states, which are the largest areas of settlement for Mexican immigrants. In his essay, Huntington addresses Hispanic immigration to the United States, declares that Latino immigrants “have not assimilated into mainstream U.S. culture,” and expresses his fear that continued Hispanic immigration “threatens to divide the United States.”