The Crusades
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The Crusades

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Abstract

On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II addressed a council of the Catholic Church at Clermont in France. What he actually said to the crowds gathered there is a matter of debate—there are at least four different accounts of his speech—but the gist of the matter was this: Christendom was in trouble. Urban had been approached by representatives of the Byzantine emperor, Alexius I Comnenus, who explained that an invasion by the Seljuk Turks had disrupted the regular pilgrimage routes to Jerusalem.

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