The Mongols
A Milestone Documents E-text
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The Mongols
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Abstract
Since the Viking and Magyar invasions of the early Middle Ages, no invading force had the impact on Europe of the Mongols, who arrived in the thirteenth century. Europe was at the far western edge of Mongol expansion, which had begun in the areas north of China. By the time of the first Mongol invasion of Catholic Europe in 1241, the Mongols had already conquered or subjugated the Russian city-states, marking the beginning of the “Tatar Yoke” period of Russian history, which extended into the fifteenth century.
Contents
- Unit 1:: Archaic and Early Classical Greece
- The Greek Polis
- Greek Civic Culture
- Archaic Greece
- Unit 1: Review
- Unit 2:: Late Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Age
- Greek Philosophy
- The Hellenistic World
- Alexander the Great
- Unit 2: Review
- Unit 3:: Roman Republic
- Imperialism and the Punic Wars
- Roman Culture
- Government of the Roman Republic
- Unit 3: Review
- Unit 4:: Roman Empire
- Late Roman Empire
- From Republic to Empire
- Five Good Emperors
- Unit 4: Review
- Unit 5:: The Rise of Christianity
- Jewish Origins of Jesus
- The Spread of Christianity and Persecutions
- Christianity and Roman Paganism
- Unit 5: Review
- Unit 6:: The Fall of Rome and the European Peoples
- Barbarian Kingdoms
- Cultures of the Germanic Tribes
- Late Antiquity and the “Fall” of Rome
- Unit 6: Review
- Unit 7:: Ascendancy of the East
- Islamic Spain
- The Rise of Islam
- The Byzantine Empire
- Unit 7: Review
- Unit 8:: The Church and the Conversion of the European Peoples
- Christianity in Britain and Ireland
- Saint Boniface in France and Germany
- Saint Benedict and Western Monasticism
- Unit 8: Review
- Unit 9:: Age of Charlemagne
- The Carolingian Renaissance
- Charlemagne
- Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasties
- Unit 9: Review
- Unit 10:: Feudal Europe and the “Dark Age”
- Vikings
- Corruption in the Church
- Feudal Society
- Unit 10: Review
- Unit 11:: Church Reform in the Eleventh Century and the Medieval Papacy
- Church and State
- The Investiture Controversy
- Cluniac Reform
- Unit 11: Review
- Unit 12:: International Relations
- Exploration
- The Mongols
- Crusades
- Unit 12: Review
- Unit 13:: Medieval Institutions
- Medieval Universities
- Dante and the Italian Communes
- Mendicant Orders
- Unit 13: Review
- Unit 14:: The Waning of the Middle Ages
- Rise of National Monarchies
- Church Corruption and the Conciliar Movement
- Great Plague
- Unit 14: Review
- Unit 15:: The Renaissance and the Transformation of the Western World 169
- Renaissance Men and Women
- Christian Humanism
- Medieval and Renaissance Art and Architecture
- Unit 15: Review