Crusades
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Crusades
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Abstract
The term Crusades usually refers to a series of wars in the Middle East where Christian forces sent from Europe sought to make or defend territorial acquisitions. The definition of a crusade is a war called by the pope with “indulgences” for sins granted to participants. Not all Crusades were directed at the Middle East. Crusades could also be directed against Muslims in Spain, heretics in Christian Europe, pagans in the Baltic region, Mongols in eastern Europe, and the papacy’s political enemies.
Contents
- Unit 1:: Archaic and Early Classical Greece
- The Greek Polis
- Greek Civic Culture
- Archaic Greece
- Archaic and Early Classical Greece - Review
- Unit 2:: Late Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Age
- Greek Philosophy
- The Hellenistic World
- Alexander the Great
- Late Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Age - Review
- Unit 3:: Roman Republic
- Imperialism and the Punic Wars
- Roman Culture
- Government of the Roman Republic
- Roman Republic - Review
- Unit 4:: Roman Empire
- Late Roman Empire
- From Republic to Empire
- Five Good Emperors
- Roman Empire - Review
- Unit 5:: The Rise of Christianity
- Jewish Origins of Jesus
- The Spread of Christianity and Persecutions
- Christianity and Roman Paganism
- The Rise of Christianity - Review
- Unit 6:: The Fall of Rome and the European Peoples
- Barbarian Kingdoms
- Cultures of the Germanic Tribes
- Late Antiquity and the “Fall” of Rome
- The Fall of Rome and the European Peoples - Review
- Unit 7:: Ascendancy of the East
- Islamic Spain
- The Rise of Islam
- The Byzantine Empire
- Ascendancy of the East - Review
- Unit 8:: The Church and the Conversion of the European Peoples
- Christianity in Britain and Ireland
- Saint Boniface in France and Germany
- Saint Benedict and Western Monasticism
- The Church and the Conversion of the European Peoples - Review
- Unit 9:: Age of Charlemagne
- The Carolingian Renaissance
- Charlemagne
- Merovingian and Carolingian Dynasties
- Age of Charlemagne - Review
- Unit 10:: Feudal Europe and the “Dark Age”
- Vikings
- Corruption in the Church
- Feudal Society
- Feudal Europe and the “Dark Age” - Review
- Unit 11:: Church Reform in the Eleventh Century and the Medieval Papacy
- Church and State
- The Investiture Controversy
- Cluniac Reform
- Church Reform in the Eleventh Century and the Medieval Papacy - Review
- Unit 12:: International Relations
- Exploration
- The Mongols
- Crusades
- International Relations - Review
- Unit 13:: Medieval Institutions
- Medieval Universities
- Dante and the Italian Communes
- Mendicant Orders
- Medieval Institutions - Review
- Unit 14:: The Waning of the Middle Ages
- Rise of National Monarchies
- Church Corruption and the Conciliar Movement
- Great Plague
- The Waning of the Middle Ages - Review
- Unit 15:: The Renaissance and the Transformation of the Western World 169
- Renaissance Men and Women
- Christian Humanism
- Medieval and Renaissance Art and Architecture
- The Renaissance and the Transformation of the Western World - Review